Supporting papers from the clinical use of IMT
Links to research papers, published in peer-reviewed, high quality scientific journals. As well as original studies, we have also included some articles that review IMT; these have been written by experts in this field of research.
COPD
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Measurement Validity of POWERbreathe K-Series
Evidence that the condition of the inspiratory muscles is impaired
- Relationship of Upper-Limb and Thoracic Muscle Strength to 6-min Walk Distance in COPD Patients.
- Inspiratory muscle dysfunction and chronic hypercapnia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
- Human diaphragm remodelling associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: clinical implications.
- Effects of emphysema on diaphragm microvascular oxygen pressure.
- The diaphragm in COPD. Better than expected, but not good enough.
- Peak inspiratory mouth pressure in healthy subjects and in patients with COPD.
- Diaphragm adaptations in patients with COPD.
- Diaphragm muscle fiber dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: toward a pathophysiological concept.
- Diaphragm dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
- Steroid-induced myopathy and its significance to respiratory disease: a known disease rediscovered.
- Corticosteroid-induced myopathy of the respiratory muscles.
- Distribution of muscle weakness in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Studies showing that IMT is helpful
- Inspiratory muscle training for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a practical guide for clinicians
- Entrenamiento muscular inspiratorio en el paciente con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (Inspiratory muscle training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
- Inspiratory muscle training in pulmonary rehabilitation program in COPD patients.
- Inspiratory muscle training in COPD patients.
- The effect of a pulmonary rehabilitation programme on older patients with chronic pulmonary disease.
- Effects of inspiratory muscle thixotropy on the 6-min walk distance in COPD.
- The Effects of 1 Year of Specific Inspiratory Muscle Training in Patients With COPD.
- Ventilatory muscle training improves exercise capacity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.
- Targeted resistive ventilatory muscle training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
- Resistive breathing training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
- High-intensity inspiratory muscle training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and severely reduced function.
- Training of inspiratory muscles in chronic obstructive lung disease. Its impact on functional changes and exercise tolerance.
- Targeted inspiratory muscle training improves respiratory muscle function and reduces dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
- Nocturnal saturation improves by target-flow inspiratory muscle training in patients with COPD.
- High-intensity inspiratory muscle training in COPD.
- Inspiratory muscle training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
- Inspiratory muscle training in pulmonary rehabilitation program in COPD patients.
- Inspiratory muscle training protocol using a pressure threshold device: effect on dyspnea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
- Inspiratory muscle training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: structural adaptation and physiologic outcomes.
- Inspiratory muscle training in patients with COPD: effect on dyspnea, exercise performance, and quality of life.
- Effect of inspiratory muscle training on muscle strength and quality of life in patients with chronic airflow limitation: a randomized controlled trial.
- Increased exercise performance in patients with severe COPD following inspiratory resistive training.
- Feasibility of High-Intensity, Interval-Based Respiratory Muscle Training in COPD.
- Effect of inspiratory muscle training with an intermediate load on inspiratory power output in COPD.
- Effects of combined inspiratory muscle and cycle ergometer training on exercise performance in patients with COPD.
- Inspiratory muscle training combined with general exercise reconditioning in patients with COPD.
- Maintenance of inspiratory muscle training in COPD patients: one year follow-up.
- The cumulative effect of long-acting bronchodilators, exercise, and inspiratory muscle training on the perception of dyspnea in patients with advanced COPD.
- Inspiratory Muscle Training May Increase Peak Inspiratory Flow in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
Expert reviews of IMT
- Inspiratory Muscle Training in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The State of the Evidence
- Inspiratory muscle training: integrative review of use in conditions other than COPD.
- Respiratory muscles training in COPD patients.
- Inspiratory muscle training compared with other rehabilitation interventions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review update.
- Inspiratory muscle training in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: An update of a systematic review.
- Response of the respiratory muscles to rehabilitation in COPD.
- Inspiratory Muscle Training Compared With Other Rehabilitation Interventions in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
- Inspiratory muscle training: a way to breathe more easily.
- Target-flow inspiratory muscle training during pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD.
- Inspiratory muscle training in COPD patients.
- Effects of controlled inspiratory muscle training in patients with COPD: a meta-analysis.
- What is the role of inspiratory muscle training in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
- Inspiratory muscle training: integrative review.
- Respiratory muscle training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: inspiratory, expiratory, or both?
- Inspiratory muscle training: a way to breathe more easily.
Other
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Heart Failure
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Evidence that the condition of the inspiratory muscles is impaired
- Inspiratory muscle strength is a determinant of maximum oxygen consumption in chronic heart failure.
- The oxygen cost of breathing in patients with cardiorespiratory disease.
- Muscle strength, symptom intensity, and exercise capacity in patients with cardiorespiratory disorders.
- Inspiratory muscle relaxation rate slows during exhaustive treadmill walking in patients with chronic heart failure.
- Respiratory muscle function and exercise intolerance in heart failure.
- Respiratory muscle dysfunction in congestive heart failure: clinical correlation and prognostic significance.
Studies showing that IMT is helpful
- Inspiratory Muscle Training Reduces Sympathetic Nervous Activity and Improves Inspiratory Muscle Weakness and Quality of Life in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: A CLINICAL TRIAL
- Addition of inspiratory muscle training to aerobic training improves cardiorespiratory responses to exercise in patients with heart failure and inspiratory muscle weakness
- Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Autonomic Activity, Endothelial Vasodilator Function, and N-Terminal Pro-brain Natriuretic Peptide Levels in Chronic Heart Failure.
- Inspiratory muscle training improves blood flow to resting and exercising limbs in patients with chronic heart failure.
- Inspiratory muscle training in patients with chronic heart failure awaiting cardiac transplantation: results of a pilot clinical trial.
- Inspiratory muscle training using an incremental endurance test alleviates dyspnea and improves functional status in patients with chronic heart failure.
- Inspiratory muscle training in patients with heart failure and inspiratory muscle weakness: a randomized trial.
- Effects of resistive breathing on exercise capacity and diaphragm function in patients with ischaemic heart disease.
- Selective training of respiratory muscles in patients with chronic heart failure.
- Effect of specific inspiratory muscle training on dyspnea and exercise tolerance in congestive heart failure.
- Benefit of selective respiratory muscle training on exercise capacity in patients with chronic congestive heart failure.
- A home-based nurse-coached inspiratory muscle training intervention in heart failure.
- Inspiratory muscle training improves blood flow to resting and exercising limbs in patients with chronic heart failure.
- Immune response to inspiratory muscle training in patients with chronic heart failure.
- Effects of inspiratory muscle training on autonomic activity, endothelial vasodilator function, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels in chronic heart failure.
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Asthma
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Studies showing that Inspiratory Muscle Training is helpful
- Inspiratory muscle training and respiratory exercises in children with asthma.
- Inspiratory muscle training improves lung function and reduces exertional dyspnoea in mild/moderate asthmatics - McConnell, A. K., M. P. Caine, et al. (1998). Clinical Science 95(2): 4P.
- Inspiratory muscle training in patients with bronchial asthma.
- Specific inspiratory muscle training in patients with mild asthma with high consumption of inhaled beta(2)-agonists.
- The relationship among inspiratory muscle strength, the perception of dyspnea and inhaled beta2-agonist use in patients with asthma.
- Influence of gender and inspiratory muscle training on the perception of dyspnea in patients with asthma.
- Acute effects of inspiratory pressure threshold loading upon airway resistance in people with asthma.
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Ventilator Weaning
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Neuromuscular Disease
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- 2 Years' experience with inspiratory muscle training in patients with neuromuscular disorders.
- INSPIRATIonAL - INSPIRAtory muscle Training In Amyotrophic Lateral sclerosis.
- Guidelines for respiratory management of children with neuromuscular weakness
Cystic Fibrosis
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- Benefits of combining inspiratory muscle with ‘whole muscle’ training in children with cystic fibrosis: a randomised controlled trial
- Inspiratory muscle training for cystic fibrosis.
- The effects of inspiratory muscle training in patients with cystic fibrosis.
- Inspiratory muscle training in patients with cystic fibrosis.
- Inspiratory Muscle Training Improves Lung Function and Exercise Capacity in Adults With Cystic Fibrosis.
- Ventilatory muscle endurance training in normal subjects and patients with cystic fibrosis.
- Improved pulmonary function and exercise tolerance with inspiratory muscle conditioning in children with cystic fibrosis.
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